Pests and Diseases

NOTE: THE USE OF ANY RECOMMENDED TREATMENT ON THIS PAGE IS ON USERS OWN RISK AND SHOULD BE ALLOWED FOLLOWING LOCAL LAW AND REGISTRATION.

Picture	Symptoms	Treatment
Polyphagotarsonemus latus Spider mites	Young plants get very thick and sturdy leaves with veins almost on top of the leaf surface. Growing points will dry and the plant stops growing until a new flush starts, provoked by rain or irrigation. It is a typical disease of nursery plants and recently planted plantations.	If single plants are being attacked, cut the infested part and burn it. Larger area’s can be treated with: Avermectin1.9EC@0.5ml/l,Dicofol 18.5% EC @ 3ml/lt Vertimec 1.9 EC @ 0.5ml/lt
Oidium ssp. Powdery Mildew	White powdery fungus mainly on younger leaves and stems. Most Jatropha,s get this disease in area’s with low average temperatures and relatively high humidity.	Products based on dithiocarbamate (Zineb, Dithane, Manzate etc.)
Fusarium- Wilt	Fusarium-Wilt Young and fully grown plants collapse in a very short time as if they do not get water. Indeed they do not get water, because the vascular system blocked by the fungus. The disease spreads from one plant to another , sometimes trough flood and open channel irrigation.	Soil fumigation or drenching with Bavistin?, 0.2% COC, Bordeaux drenching , Dithane, Kitazin
Macrophomia spp	Collar rot Mainly associated with drip irrigation. Usually caused by over-irrigating or high groundwater table. The plant tries to recover by making new roots in the rotted area. Farmers use to cover these area’s with soil, in order to stimulate secondary root growth.	Improve growing conditions , better drainage, plant on ridges. decrease irrigation
	Sucks on fruits , diminishing yield	Cypermethrin. Do not use during flowering, because it is highly toxic to bees.
Ferrisia virgata-Mealy bug	Sucks the sap from leaves and stems, sometimes from fruits if heavily infested and causes crinkling leaves, dry stems and reduced reproductive parts.	Chlorpyrifos or Mercaptothion, Dimethoate. Malathion 50%
	Giant African snail Feeds on leaves and stem, mainly in the nursery	Course sand around the nursery beds keeps them out.
	Physical damage, mainly on leaves but feeds on fruits as well Salubriya–Leaf webber	Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. Kurstaki. Can generally be used against all types of caterpillars Endosulfan
	Physical damage, mainly on leaves Leaf miner	Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. Kurstaki
Aphtonia dilutipes	Leaf damage	*Flea beetle* damages the leaves and fruits, their larva’s damage the roots. Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid. Higlhy toxic for bees
Stem borer	There are several reports on stem borer damage in Jatropha. However, it looks like it only occurs on heavy soils and most of the time there is a lot of ant activity as well.This is a strong indication that growth conditions are not optimal.	Older plants usually survive the disease, but younger plants may break trough wind or mechanical damage. (picking). Chemical control has been reported. (carbofuran)
Termite damage	Termite damage occurs mainly on soils very low in organic matter content (laterite red soils, sand) The termites attack Jatropha on the base, causing plant damage and total loss.	How to control termite damage to trees with Neem leaf tea (Azadirachta indica). A barrel or bucket is filled with green Neem leaves. Then cover the leaves with water and after 4 days use the liquid against termites; it does not kill them but they stop feeding and they finally starve to death.
Julus spp.-Millipedes	Most millipedes eat decaying leaves and other dead plant matter, moisturising the food with secretions and then scraping it in with the jaws. This is a typical Jatropha nursery pest and can cause total loss.	Prevention. Keep the nursery area clean. Millipedes feed on rubbish, For smaller area’s it is sufficient to surround your seedbeds with dry sand or wood ash, to prevent them from entering. Cypermethrin for larger infestations.
Lasiodiplodia spp Colletotrichum ssp See Major diseases etc.	Die back cancer and or Antrachnosis. Young shoots and branches showing brown spots, blocking sap flow. Branches die off.	There is no better treatment than cut and burn. Copper based treatments might help as a preservative after pruning

Picture

Symptoms

Treatment

Polyphagotarsonemus latus

Spider mites

mite hand

Young plants get very thick and sturdy leaves with veins almost on top of the leaf surface. Growing points will dry and the plant stops growing until a new flush starts, provoked by rain or irrigation. It is a typical disease of nursery plants and recently planted plantations.

If single plants are being attacked, cut the infested part and burn it. Larger area’s can be treated with:

Avermectin1.9EC@0.5ml/l,Dicofol 18.5% EC @ 3ml/lt Vertimec 1.9 EC @ 0.5ml/lt

Oidium ssp.

Powdery Mildew

White powdery fungus mainly on younger leaves and stems. Most Jatropha,s get this disease in area’s with low average temperatures and relatively high humidity.

Products based on dithiocarbamate (Zineb, Dithane, Manzate etc.)

Fusarium- Wilt

Fusarium-Wilt

Young and fully grown plants collapse in a very short time as if they do not get water. Indeed they do not get water, because the vascular system blocked by the fungus. The disease spreads from one plant to another , sometimes trough flood and open channel irrigation.

Soil fumigation or drenching with Bavistin?, 0.2% COC, Bordeaux drenching ,

Dithane, Kitazin

Macrophomia spp

Collar rot

Mainly associated with drip irrigation. Usually caused by over-irrigating or high groundwater table. The plant tries to recover by making new roots in the rotted area. Farmers use to cover these area’s with soil, in order to stimulate secondary root growth.

Improve growing conditions , better drainage, plant on ridges. decrease irrigation

Sucks on fruits , diminishing yield

Cypermethrin.

Do not use during flowering, because it is highly toxic to bees.

Ferrisia virgata-Mealy bug

Sucks the sap from leaves and stems, sometimes from fruits if heavily infested and causes crinkling leaves, dry stems and reduced reproductive parts.

Chlorpyrifos or Mercaptothion, Dimethoate.

Malathion 50%

Giant African snail

Feeds on leaves and stem, mainly in the nursery

Course sand around the nursery beds keeps them out.

Physical damage, mainly on leaves but feeds on fruits as well

Salubriya–Leaf webber

Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. Kurstaki. Can generally be used against all types of caterpillars

Endosulfan

Physical damage, mainly on leaves

Leaf miner

Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. Kurstaki

Aphtonia dilutipes

Leaf damage

Flea beetle damages the leaves and fruits, their larva’s damage the roots. Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid. Higlhy toxic for bees

Stem borer

There are several reports on stem borer damage in Jatropha. However, it looks like it only occurs on heavy soils and most of the time there is a lot of ant activity as well.This is a strong indication that growth conditions are not optimal.

Older plants usually survive the disease, but younger plants may break trough wind or mechanical damage. (picking).

Chemical control has been reported. (carbofuran)

Termite damage

Termite damage occurs mainly on soils very low in organic matter content (laterite red soils, sand) The termites attack Jatropha on the base, causing plant damage and total loss.

How to control termite damage to trees with Neem leaf tea (Azadirachta indica).
A barrel or bucket is filled with green Neem leaves. Then cover the leaves with water and after 4 days use the liquid against termites; it does not kill them but they stop feeding and they finally starve to death.

Julus spp.-Millipedes

Most millipedes eat decaying leaves and other dead plant matter, moisturising the food with secretions and then scraping it in with the jaws. This is a typical Jatropha nursery pest and can cause total loss.

Prevention. Keep the nursery area clean. Millipedes feed on rubbish, For smaller area’s it is sufficient to surround your seedbeds with dry sand or wood ash, to prevent them from entering. Cypermethrin for larger infestations.

Lasiodiplodia spp

Colletotrichum ssp

See Major diseases etc.

Die back cancer and or Antrachnosis. Young shoots and branches showing brown spots, blocking sap flow. Branches die off.

There is no better treatment than cut and burn.

Copper based treatments might help as a preservative after pruning

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